Pigeons, commonly seen in both urban and rural environments, continue to face significant threats from a wide range of predators, making them frequent targets due to their abundance and accessibility.
Birds of prey such as falcons, hawks, eagles, and owls are among the top natural hunters of pigeons. Peregrine falcons, in particular, are known for their incredible speed and precision, often catching pigeons mid-air. Similarly, hawks like the Cooper’s hawk and red-tailed hawk pose serious threats to pigeon populations, especially in city parks and open spaces.
On the ground, snakes—especially climbing species like rat snakes—often raid pigeon nests for eggs or chicks. Mammals including foxes, domestic and feral cats, rats, and raccoons also contribute to the predation, targeting either the birds themselves or their vulnerable offspring.
In some regions, larger reptiles such as monitor lizards and even crocodiles may eat pigeons when opportunities arise. Humans, too, play a role, with pigeon meat—particularly squab—considered a delicacy in various cultures.
As pigeon populations continue to thrive in diverse habitats, their natural and human-related predators remain an integral part of the ecological balance.
