ADHD and anxiety frequently co-occur, with each condition potentially worsening the other. Girls are especially vulnerable to anxiety disorders, and recent findings from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) may help slow—or even prevent—the development of these disorders.
Key Differences Between Girls and Boys
The study focused on ADHD’s inattentive type—more common in girls—and revealed that the relationship between inattention and anxiety differs significantly between the sexes. Boys more often exhibit the hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD, which presents earlier and is more noticeable.
Surprising Sex-Based Differences
This is the first time researchers have demonstrated that inattention and anxiety are linked differently in girls and boys. In girls, inattention increases the risk of anxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Conversely, anxiety can worsen attention problems over time. These patterns were not found in boys, though early hyperactivity in boys did predict later anxiety.
The Importance of Early Detection
Anxiety rates rise significantly in children around age 12—especially among girls. Detecting inattention symptoms as early as age 8 could reduce the risk of developing anxiety later. Girls with inattentive ADHD are often mislabeled as shy, lazy, or simply dreamy. Because they cause few disruptions, their symptoms can go unnoticed and unaddressed.
ADHD Often Detected Through Anxiety
Many girls aren’t diagnosed with ADHD until adolescence—often when anxiety symptoms become pronounced. Earlier recognition could lead to timely interventions that might prevent worsening symptoms.
About the Study
This observational study followed 1,000 children born in 2003–2004, along with their parents, from age 4 to 18. The research is part of Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad’s doctoral work within the Trondheim Early Secure Study (TESS), and was recently published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.
Getting Help Sooner
Because boys’ hyperactivity is more visible, they’re often diagnosed and treated earlier. Girls, however, frequently miss out on early support and may face bullying or social exclusion, which can deepen anxiety and even lead to depression.
Despite debates around ADHD overdiagnosis, Wichstrøm stresses the importance of identifying and treating ADHD where it exists—especially to prevent long-term mental health challenges.
